Over the past decade, the world has witnessed an explosion in the development and deployment of new wireless network technologies. From cellular mobile telephony to the ubiquitous "WiFi" networks in coffee-shops and airports, to the emerging WiMAX wireless broadband access networks, the menu of wireless access systems has become so comprehensive that wireline access to user devices may soon become a relic of the past. Wireless Networking serves as a one-stop view of cellular, WiFi, and WiMAX networks, as well as the emerging wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Rather than provide descriptive accounts of these technologies and standards, the book emphasizes conceptual perspectives on the modeling, analysis, design and optimization of such networks. Furthermore, the authors present wireless networking within the unifying framework of resource allocation, using simple abstractions of the underlying physical wireless communication. In short, Wireless Networking is an in-depth, exhaustive, and invaluable asset to anyone working in this rapidly evolving field.
*Goes beyond descriptive and qualitative treatments, by presenting the foundations underlying the various wireless networking technologies
*Provides abstractions, models and analyses of established and emerging wireless networks, thereby supplying the reader with a conceptual and quantitative treatment, thus ensuring longevity of the learning from this material
*Aids comprehension by including over 120 figures, four appendices on the mathematics of the various models, several inline exercises, and extensive problem sets at the end of each chapter

Communication Networking is a comprehensive, effectively organized introduction to the realities of communication network engineering. Written for both the workplace and the classroom, this book lays the foundation and provides the answers required for building an efficient, state-of-the-art network-one that can expand to meet growing demand and evolve to capitalize on coming technological advances. It focuses on the three building blocks out of which a communication network is constructed: multiplexing, switching, and routing. The discussions are based on the viewpoint that communication networking is about efficient resource sharing. The progression is natural: the book begins with individual physical links and proceeds to their combination in a network. The approach is analytical: discussion is driven by mathematical analyses of and solutions to specific engineering problems. Fundamental concepts are explained in detail and design issues are placed in context through real world examples from current technologies. The text offers in-depth coverage of many current topics, including network calculus with deterministically-constrained traffic; congestion control for elastic traffic; packet switch queuing; switching architectures; virtual path routing; and routing for quality of service. It also includes more than 200 hands-on exercises and class-tested problems, dozens of schematic figures, a review of key mathematical concepts, and a glossary. This book will be of interest to networking professionals whose work is primarily architecture definition and implementation, i.e., network engineers and designers at telecom companies, industrial research labs, etc. It will also appeal to final year undergrad and first year graduate students in EE, CE, and CS programs.

The buildings in which we live have a tremendous impact on our global environment. Sustainability or "green building" seeks to balance resource efficiency, health, and social concerns throughout the life cycle of a structure. The present thesis supports the above statement and explores applications of titanium dioxide and photocatalysis to cementitious material to produce self-cleaning cement. Self-cleaning cement was prepared by mixing titanium dioxide and white cement in a ratio 0.1 and 0.2. Titanium dioxide used for the production of self-cleaning effect was taken in three forms: i) pure P-25, ii) P-25 doped with 0.2% Ag and iii) P-25 doped with 2% Ag. Doped and non-doped photocatalyst was used as photocatalyst. The studies were conducted both in sun-light and artificial UV light. It was found that cement incorporated with titanium dioxide is able to clean their surfaces and degrade the colour on their surface.

Routing in MANET requires full co-operation from all the participating nodes to transfer the packet from source to destination. During the route establishment phase it prepares a list of nodes through which the packet will travel. Nodes involved in this list are supposed to transfer the data packet to the next node in the route with maximum probability, and try to reduce the overhead of packet retransmission because of lack of system support. But sometimes the intermediate nodes behave maliciously by not forwarding the packet to the next node, our objective is to finding those malicious nodes.